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  • Carey Norup 的簡介照片

    Carey Norup 發表更新 7 年, 7 月前

    Drainage may be the disposal of excess water on land (either used or perhaps type of storm water). It needs to be distinguished from flood control the actual protection against damage due to overflow from river. There are two sort of system adopted for waste water collection. Separate sanitary and combined system. In separate sanitary system, there exists a separate sewer that collects family members, commercial and industrial waste water and disposes them while a different sewer collects the storm water and disposes it separately. Inside the combined system, both storm water and domestic water are conveyed using it . pipe network.

    Sanitary sewers must have a self cleansing velocity of (.6-1

    m/s). This self cleansing velocity is achieved by laying the drain with a steep slope. Manholes needs to be placed at interval of 100-120m for the purpose of maintaining and servicing with the sewer. It should be noted that waste water inside the sewer usually are transported by gravitational force as an alternative to mechanical means (pumping) for convenient sake. That is why in laying sewer pipes; the topography in the area ought to be well understood.

    The storm waterflow and drainage can be estimated by .278CIA where C will be the coefficient of runoff, I could be the rainfall intensity plus a may be the catchment area. C is normally got from table the industry purpose of factors affecting infiltration. From rainfall data I will be estimated.

    A could be estimated by using planimeter or superimposing scaled grid paper on the map and note the grid that fall from the boundary in the map . The waste water from industry, commercial centers and domestic uses usually are estimated by having the amount of waste water the users’ discharges by making use of questionnaire and interview. People of men and women and amount of industries ought to be famous for this estimation.

    The complete procedures in layout sewers include:

    Establish comprehensive map in the area including road contour, topography and utilities

    Drains are shown having a single line with arrows for direction

    Manholes are provided which has a dot whatsoever its necessary locations because the junctions and it is intermediate reason for 100-120m interval

    Sewers are design to follow along with natural topography

    Sewers are mostly branch network

    Sewers or drains usually are located along the road

    Design way of sewers is as follows;

    Estimate manning constant and pick slope

    Compute the section factor

    Acquire the best hydraulic section either rectangle or trapezoid

    Confirm the satisfaction of minimum velocity

    Inclusion of adequate freeboard to avoid overflowing

    The disposal in the waste water could be treated or otherwise not treated. However, the treatment is generally by biological method. The disposal of waste water is of immerse necessary for economic growth. The treated or untreated waste could be used as a source of irrigation, supplement stream or river flow and could be used as a source of recharge for ground water.

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